What distinguishes logical gates like AND and OR from other circuits?

Logical gates such as AND and OR are fundamentally distinguished by their ability to perform logical operations based on Boolean algebra. This capability enables them to process binary inputs and produce outputs that reflect specific rules of logic. For example, an AND gate will only output a true (or '1') signal if all its inputs are true, while an OR gate will output a true signal if at least one of its inputs is true. This behavior is essential in building digital circuits, as it allows for decision-making processes essential for complex computing tasks.

In contrast, other types of circuits primarily focus on different functionalities. Memory storage circuits are designed to retain data, not to perform logical operations. Circuits that convert electrical signals into sound are typically related to audio processing rather than logical operations. Similarly, circuits that manage input/output operations involve interfacing with peripherals and do not carry out the logical evaluations that define the function of logical gates. Thus, the performance of logical operations rooted in Boolean algebra distinctly characterizes gates like AND and OR, setting them apart from other circuits.