What does the term 'method' primarily refer to in programming?

The term 'method' in programming primarily refers to a process specification. In object-oriented programming, a method is a function that is associated with an object or a class. It defines a specific behavior or action that the object can perform, using the data contained within that object. When a method is called, it executes a block of code and may return a value or modify the object's state.

The concept of a method encapsulates both the idea of a defined sequence of operations (the process) and the context of what data it operates on (the specifications tied to the object). This distinction is crucial for understanding how to structure code effectively and implement object-oriented principles, as methods are fundamental to invoking behaviors within objects.

Understanding a method as a process specification allows programmers to build modular, reusable code. Each method acts as a distinct procedure that can be invoked when required, promoting clearer organization and easier maintenance of the overall codebase.