What is the term for an error that happens during the execution of a program, often due to logic errors or arithmetic operations?

A run-time error is a type of error that occurs while a program is running, often as a result of logic errors or issues with arithmetic operations. This can include scenarios such as dividing by zero, accessing an array out of bounds, or attempting to use a null reference. These errors typically cause the program to crash or produce incorrect output, which distinguishes them from other types of errors that are detected at compile time.

In contrast, compilation errors arise from issues in the code that prevent it from being compiled successfully, such as syntax errors, where the rules of the programming language are not followed. Logical errors, while related, refer specifically to flaws in the logic of the program that lead to incorrect results, but these are not classified as run-time errors unless they cause the program to behave unexpectedly during execution. Therefore, identifying the correct term as a run-time error helps clarify the nature of the problem during program execution, which is essential for effective debugging and problem resolution.