What is the term for a computer check that ensures only conforming data is accepted as input?

The term that refers to a computer check designed to ensure that only conforming data is accepted as input is validation. Validation involves checking that the data entered into a system meets specific criteria or standards required by the system before it is processed further. This process can include checking the format, type, range, and other constraints of the data to prevent errors or undesired outcomes in the system's functioning.

Validation is essential because it helps maintain the integrity and quality of data, preventing issues that may arise from incorrect or inappropriate input. For instance, if a form requires a date, validation ensures that the entered data is in the correct date format and falls within an acceptable range.

Other terms listed, while related, refer to different processes. Verification typically involves confirming that data or a system's state matches a specified criterion or requirement. Authentication deals with validating the identity of a user or system. Testing refers to evaluating a system's functionality and performance, which is broader than just input data checks. These distinctions clarify why validation is the appropriate choice in this context.