What is the term for a testing technique that uses explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested?

The term for a testing technique that uses explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested is White Box Testing. This method involves evaluating the internal logic, structure, and coding of the software application. Testers are aware of the algorithms and specific code paths within the application, which allows them to create test cases that can verify the functionality and flow of the system in detail.

White Box Testing typically includes various practices such as statement coverage, branch coverage, and path coverage, which help ensure that all paths through the code have been tested. This technique is particularly useful for identifying hidden errors and ensuring that the internal mechanisms of a system function correctly. It contrasts with other testing methods, where the tester only interacts with the software from an external perspective without knowledge of its internal operations. In practical terms, White Box Testing can lead to more thorough and effective test cases, ultimately leading to improved software quality.