What term describes memory that retains its contents even when the power is turned off?

The term that describes memory which retains its contents even when the power is turned off is non-volatile memory. This type of memory is critical for storing data that must be preserved across power cycles, such as files on a hard drive or data in flash storage. Non-volatile memory contrasts with volatile memory, which loses its contents when power is lost, making it unsuitable for long-term data storage.

Cache memory and RAM are both examples of volatile memory, meaning they require a constant power supply to maintain the information stored within them. They are used for temporary storage to speed up processes in computing systems but do not retain data once power is removed. In contrast, non-volatile memory is designed with retention capabilities and is essential for reliable data storage in various applications.