Which component of a computer retrieves, decodes, interprets, and executes instructions?

The central processing unit (CPU) is the component of a computer that is primarily responsible for retrieving, decoding, interpreting, and executing instructions. The CPU acts as the brain of the computer, processing and carrying out commands from software applications.

When a program runs, the CPU fetches the instructions from memory, decodes them to understand what actions are required, and then executes those actions, which may involve performing calculations, moving data, or interacting with other hardware components. This process is fundamental to the operation of any computer system and is vital for the overall performance and efficiency of applications being executed.

Other components such as the memory unit store data and instructions but do not process them, and the control unit, while part of the CPU, specifically manages the flow of data within the CPU and between the CPU and other components, rather than executing the instructions itself. The input/output unit facilitates communication between the CPU and external devices but does not execute instructions directly. Thus, the CPU encompasses the complete functionality of instruction processing as outlined in the question.